Celtic Spain minted coins in the Roman Empire to market their goods both abroad and to honor astronomical deities. The above coin is from the mint of Ulia in modern Greater Cordoba, Montemayor, Spain. Numismatists think it was minted in the mid to early Second Century...

 The original Image of AD 1548 from the Codex Escalada. Note the skull in place of the angle's face. Mary is also looking straightforward and her chin is up. There may even be a crescent above her head. The crescent above Roman Queens heads on coins is solar as describ...

     A re-creation of the Roman Army signaling standard from the time of Emperor Tiberius. The details were taken from period coins of Marc Antony, Augustus and Tiberius. Note ancient warfare was colorful and not monochromatic from the movies. These standards were wor...

PLEASE SEE THE BELOW VIDEO FOR AN IN DEPTH ANALYSIS OF OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE.

     We can see the heavy influence of the Egyptian religion on Greco Roman thought. Remember Alexander the Great started thinking he was the Son of God after visiting the oracle in the deserts of Egypt. The above coin is from Ptolemy II who invited the Jews to Alexand...

More numismatic evidence of the Greco-Roman trade of opium in the Galilee. The above coin from Gadara was minted in 40-39 BC. Note Pompey rebuilt the city in 63 BC as a city of the Decapolis. The first coins show the above motif. The obverse has Tyche, a city god...

Simply put in ancient cultivation and even in modern fields, drought and sun exposure dry out the leaf and the serrations wither and disappear. Also when the leaves are picked, the edges curl in on themselves. The above coin is a Hemidrachm from Th...

This is a very difficult post for several reasons. Those of you familiar with the numismatic literature are aware up until recent modern times these coins were regarded as depicting an opium poppy between the two cornucopias on the reverse. Poppies and barley leaves ar...

     Pontius Pilate placed Roman symbols of "Augury" on his coins. The Romans would have priests interpret the actions of birds to determine the best course of action in state affairs. The health and welfare of the Roman Empire could be determined by observing bird...

     The above coin was minted in Rome between 65 to 59 BC. It is not hard to see the two stars may be indicative of the solar eclipses seen over the city between 63 and 61 BC. To the Roman population at the time the meaning was obvious and these solar eclipses were se...